What is IPv4 header format ?

Every IPv4 packet starts with the IPv4 header, a fixed-size data structure. Networking hardware uses it to route the packet to its destination because it contains a range of crucial data. The fields in the IPv4 header are listed below in the following order:

Version (4 bits) – This field indicates the version of the IP protocol being used. This parameter is always set to 4 for IPv4 packets.
Header Length (4 bits) – This parameter indicates the length of the header in 32-bit words. This number might be anywhere between 5 and 15, as the header may have optional fields.
The Type of Service (8-bit) field is used to describe any unique handling needs as well as the packet’s priority.
Total Length (16 bits) – This field indicates the overall length of the packet in bytes, including the header and data.
Identification (16 bits) – This field is utilized for fragmentation and reassembly. Each packet is given a special identification number that can be used to put together broken packets.
Flags (3 bits) – These bits are used to regulate fragmentation. The “More Fragments” (MF) flag is set in all fragments save the final one, while the “Don’t Fragment” (DF) flag specifies that the packet shouldn’t be fragmented.
Fragment Offset (13 bits) – This field indicates the offset of the data in the packet, relative to the beginning of the original unfragmented packet.
The maximum number of hops a packet is permitted to make before being deleted is specified in the Time to Live (8-bit) field.
Protocol (8 bits) – This field identifies the protocol used in the data section of the packet, such as TCP, UDP, or ICMP.

Header Checksum (16 bits) – This field is used to check the integrity of the header.
The IP address of the sender is contained in the Source Address (32 bits) column.
The IP address of the recipient is contained in the destination address (32 bits) field.
Options (variable) – This field is optional and can be used to include additional information, such as security and routing information.

The IPv4 header format has now been briefly explained.

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